By: Dr. Marsigit, M.A.
Reviewed by: Lina Dwi Aris S (09301241031, http://linadwiarissetiani.blogspot.com)
To manage the learning is not easy because we find that sometime students have a difficuly in learning (Jaworsky, 1994: 83). Therefore, he said that there is not a right of way to teach. Reviewed from the focus, there are at least four different views learning how should be implemented (Kuhs and Ball, 1986 in Grouws, 1992), include:
1. The group that argue that learning should be emphasized on understanding the material (content focused-conceptual understanding).
2. The group that argue that learning needs to be give priority to the learning outcomes (content focused-performance).
3. The group that argue that learning should learner-centric subjects, so that they can develop and build knowledge (learner focused-construction).
4. The group that argue that learning should starting from the planning of classroom management that is conductive learning (classroom focused-effective classroom).
So in effort to increase the interesting of learning students, the teacher need to make innovation in learning of mathematic. In promoting innovation in learning, Cocroft Report (1982: 132) to recomend that in every level of education should learning can give a chance for teacher to use one of choice method of teaching adaptable with level of the student’s skill, that is: methode of exposition by the teacher, methode of disscusion between teacher and student, and student with student, methode of problem solving, methode of discovery (investigation), methode of basic training skills and principles, methode of application. The innovation of learning can be executed with curriculum developing. In curriculum developing, there are some approach, that is: conforming approach, transforming approach, reforming approach, instrumental curriculum approach, interactive curriculum approach, and individualistic curriculum approach.
One of the educational innovations carried out by the government is to adopt a competency-based curriculum. Curriculum is used as an attempt to organize the learning that emphasizes the abilities that should be owned by each graduate. This curriculum based on result of the elaboration of a basic skills competency standards. Standard of competence is an ability that can be performed or displayed in the learning. Basic skills is a minimal ability in subjects that should be owned by students. So that teachers can realize innovation of teaching learning, there are several concepts that need to be undrstood as follows: understanding about substance of each set of science, substance of learners, and changes in attitude and implementation that is associated with a change of paradigm.
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